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Bacteriophages are among the most common and diverse entities in the biosphere. [2] Bacteriophages are ubiquitous viruses, found wherever bacteria exist. It is estimated there are more than 10 31 bacteriophages on the planet, more than every other organism on Earth, including bacteria, combined. [3]
As there exist estimates of bacterial numbers on Earth of approximately 10 30, [4] there consequently is an expectation that 10 31 or more individual virus (mostly phage [5]) particles exist , making phages the most numerous category of "organisms" on our planet.
Transmission electron micrograph of multiple bacteriophages attached to a bacterial cell wall. A phageome is a community of bacteriophages and their metagenomes localized in a particular environment, similar to a microbiome. [1] [2] Phageome is a subcategory of virome, which is all of the viruses that are associated with a host or environment. [3]
Filamentous bacteriophages are a family of viruses (Inoviridae) that infect bacteria, or bacteriophages. They are named for their filamentous shape, a worm-like chain (long, thin, and flexible, reminiscent of a length of cooked spaghetti), about 6 nm in diameter and about 1000-2000 nm long.
A Bacillus phage is a member of a group of bacteriophages known to have bacteria in the genus Bacillus as host species. These bacteriophages have been found to belong to the families Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, or Tectiviridae.
Bacteria are ubiquitous, living in every possible habitat on the planet including soil, underwater, deep in Earth's crust and even such extreme environments as acidic hot springs and radioactive waste. [25] [26] There are thought to be approximately 2×10 30 bacteria on Earth, [27] forming a biomass that is only exceeded by plants. [28]
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Mycobacteriophage Bxb1 Structure [1]. A mycobacteriophage is a member of a group of bacteriophages known to have mycobacteria as host bacterial species. While originally isolated from the bacterial species Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, [2] the causative agent of tuberculosis, more than 4,200 mycobacteriophage species have since been isolated from various environmental ...