Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
There are additional names used for ions with multiple charges. For example, an ion with a −2 charge is known as a dianion and an ion with a +2 charge is known as a dication. A zwitterion is a neutral molecule with positive and negative charges at different locations within that molecule. [17]
Looking at the table, one can see that the positive charges are on the left side of the table and the negative charges are on the right side of the table. Charges that are positive are called cations. Charges that are negative are called anions. Elements in the same group have the same charge.
A dication is any cation, of general formula X 2+, formed by the removal of two electrons from a neutral species. Diatomic dications corresponding to stable neutral species (e.g. H 2+ 2 formed by removal of two electrons from H 2) often decay quickly into two singly charged particles (H +), due to the loss of electrons in bonding molecular ...
If the cations have multiple possible oxidation states, then it is possible for cation vacancies to compensate for electron deficiencies on cation sites with higher oxidation numbers, resulting in a non-stoichiometric compound. [54] Another non-stoichiometric possibility is the formation of an F-center, a free electron occupying an anion ...
For cations that take on multiple charges, the charge is written using Roman numerals in parentheses immediately following the element name. For example, Cu(NO 3) 2 is copper(II) nitrate, because the charge of two nitrate ions (NO − 3) is 2 × −1 = −2, and since the net charge of the ionic compound must be zero, the Cu ion has a 2+ charge ...
The charge of the resulting ions is a major factor in the strength of ionic bonding, e.g. a salt C + A − is held together by electrostatic forces roughly four times weaker than C 2+ A 2− according to Coulomb's law, where C and A represent a generic cation and anion respectively. The sizes of the ions and the particular packing of the ...
Species with a single charge are univalent (monovalent). For example, the Cs + cation is a univalent or monovalent cation, whereas the Ca 2+ cation is a divalent cation, and the Fe 3+ cation is a trivalent cation. Unlike Cs and Ca, Fe can also exist in other charge states, notably 2+ and 4+, and is thus known as a multivalent (polyvalent) ion. [15]
A simple example of a polyatomic ion is the hydroxide ion, which consists of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom, jointly carrying a net charge of −1; its chemical formula is O H −. In contrast, an ammonium ion consists of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms, with a charge of +1; its chemical formula is N H + 4.