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Aortic valve replacement is a cardiac surgery procedure whereby a failing aortic valve is replaced with an artificial heart valve. The aortic valve may need to be replaced because of aortic regurgitation (back flow), or if the valve is narrowed by stenosis .
the witness is subject to cross-examination about the prior statement. [4] There is no requirement that the prior consistent statement have been made under oath at a prior trial or hearing. A form of prior consistent statement excepted from this rule is that of prior identification by the witness of another person in a lineup. [citation needed]
A case report form (or CRF) is a paper or electronic questionnaire specifically used in clinical trial research. [1] The case report form is the tool used by the sponsor of the clinical trial to collect data from each participating patient.
At present, there is no treatment via medication, making the timing of aortic valve replacement the most important decision to make for these patients. [4] Until recently, surgical aortic valve replacement was the standard treatment for adults with severe symptomatic aortic
The United States Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure defines a witness statement as: "(1) a written statement that the witness makes and signs, or otherwise adopts or approves; (2) a substantially verbatim, contemporaneously recorded recital of the witness's oral statement that is contained in any recording or any transcription of a recording ...
Aortic valvuloplasty, also known as balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV), is a procedure used to improve blood flow through the aortic valve in conditions that cause aortic stenosis, or narrowing of the aortic valve. It can be performed in various patient populations including fetuses, newborns, children, adults, and pregnant women.
While Surgical AVR has remained the most effective treatment for this disease process and is currently recommended for patients after the onset of symptoms, as of 2016 aortic valve replacement approaches included open-heart surgery, minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS), and minimally invasive catheter-based (percutaneous) aortic valve ...
Minimally invasive procedures limit the ability to precisely judge the form of the aortic valve and will lead to a higher uncertainty regarding function and durability of aortic valve repair. As for aortic valve replacement, the heart-lung machine is usually connected to the patient via aorta and right atrium. The heart is arrested through ...