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A phenakistoscope (described in the display as a "Phantasmascope") with cards. On display in Bedford Museum, England. The phénakistiscope usually comes in the form of a spinning cardboard disc attached vertically to a handle. Arrayed radially around the disc's center is a series of pictures showing sequential phases of the animation.
"A base is a natural number B whose powers (B multiplied by itself some number of times) are specially designated within a numerical system." [1]: 38 The term is not equivalent to radix, as it applies to all numerical notation systems (not just positional ones with a radix) and most systems of spoken numbers. [1]
The phénakisticope (better known by the misspelling phenakistiscope or phenakistoscope) was the first animation device using rapid successive substitution of sequential pictures. The pictures are evenly spaced radially around a disc, with small rectangular apertures at the rim of the disc.
Disc for a phenakistoscope created by Eadweard Muybridge. Simulated mirror view of the above disc. Reason A little exercise in animated GIFs. The fixed image of the disc is from the Library of Congress, I just centered the image and tried to remove as much wobble as possible (accepting that this was probably not cut on a high precision machine), and rotated each copy by 360/13 degrees.
Within the counting system used with most discrete objects (including animals like sheep), there was a token for one item (units), a different token for ten items (tens), a different token for six tens (sixties), etc. Tokens of different sizes and shapes were used to record higher groups of ten or six in a sexagesimal number system.
For example, "11" represents the number eleven in the decimal or base-10 numeral system (today, the most common system globally), the number three in the binary or base-2 numeral system (used in modern computers), and the number two in the unary numeral system (used in tallying scores). The number the numeral represents is called its value.
Plateau's device became known as the "Phenakistoscope". There was an almost simultaneous and independent invention of the device by the Austrian Simon Ritter von Stampfer, which he named the "Stroboscope", and it is his term which is used today.
The Kinetoscope application also included a plan for a stereoscopic film projection system that was apparently abandoned. [28] Early in 1892, steps began to make coin operation, via a nickel slot, part of the mechanics of the viewing system. [29] Before the end of the year, the design of the Kinetoscope was essentially complete.