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Mitragyna speciosa is a tropical evergreen tree of the Rubiaceae family (coffee family) native to Southeast Asia. [3] It is indigenous to Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, [4] where its leaves, known as kratom, have been used in herbal medicine since at least the 19th century. [5]
As early as the 19th century, kratom was in use for the treatment of opioid addiction and withdrawal. [ 10 ] [ 4 ] As of 2018 [update] , a review of mental health aspects of kratom use mentioned opioid replacement and withdrawal as primary motivations for kratom use: almost 50% of the approximately 8,000 kratom users surveyed indicated kratom ...
7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) is a terpenoid indole alkaloid from the plant Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom. [2] It was first described in 1994 [3] and is a human metabolite metabolized from mitragynine present in the Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as kratom. 7-OH binds to opioid receptors like mitragynine, but research suggests that 7-OH binds with greater efficacy.
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Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth.
EVLT has the same meaning as ELT, but it is a trademark name owned by Diomed and used as the name for their 910 nm laser treatment unit for ELT. [citation needed] The 810 nm laser is the original laser fiber wavelength as pioneered by Dr. Luis Navarro, Dr. Carlos Bone and Dr. Robert Min, at the Vein Treatment Center in New York, New York.
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The distal veins are removed following the complete ablation of the proximal vein. This treatment is most commonly used for varicose veins off of the great saphenous vein, small saphenous vein, and pudendal veins. [60] Follow-up treatment to smaller branch varicose veins is often needed in the weeks or months after the initial procedure.