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Apollo used the Saturn family of rockets as launch vehicles, which were also used for an Apollo Applications Program, which consisted of Skylab, a space station that supported three crewed missions in 1973–1974, and the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, a joint United States-Soviet Union low Earth orbit mission in 1975.
Once complete, it obviated the need for the E-type objective of a medium Earth orbital test. The D-type mission was instead performed by Apollo 9; the F-type mission, Apollo 10, flew the CSM/LM spacecraft to the Moon for final testing, without landing. The G-type mission, Apollo 11, performed the first lunar landing, the central goal of the ...
The facility is the chief repository of the samples returned by the Apollo program. [5] The Apollo missions to the lunar surface (Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, Apollo 16, and Apollo 17) returned a total of 382 kilograms (842 pounds) of lunar rocks, core samples, pebbles, sand and lunar surface dust, comprising 2200 individual ...
The PSEP was placed 16.8 meters (55 ft) from the Apollo 11 Lunar Module at Tranquility Base on July 21, 1969. [1] A set of 15 different commands could be sent to the experiment package from mission control on Earth to direct the instrument's levelling and calibration motors. [1]
Apollo 13 was slated to be the third landing on the moon after Apollo 8 (1968) and Apollo 12 (1969). Launched on April 11, 1970, the crew was led by commander Lovell, along with command module ...
Project Apollo was abruptly halted by the Apollo 1 fire on January 27, 1967, in which astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger B. Chaffee died, and the subsequent investigation. [43] In October 1968, Apollo 7 evaluated the command module in Earth orbit, [44] and in December Apollo 8 tested it in lunar orbit. [45]
In May 1966, astronauts voiced concerns over the purging of the stage's hydrogen tank in space. Nevertheless, in late July 1966, it was announced that the Orbital Workshop would be launched as a part of Apollo mission AS-209, originally one of the Earth-orbit CSM test launches, followed by two Saturn I/CSM crew launches, AAP-1 and AAP-2.
During the mission, an uncrewed Orion capsule spent 10 days in a distant retrograde 60,000 kilometers (37,000 mi) orbit around the Moon before returning to Earth. [10] Artemis II, the first crewed mission of the program, will launch four astronauts in 2025 [11] on a free-return flyby of the Moon at a distance of 8,900 kilometers (5,500 mi). [12 ...