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Adam Riess et al. found that "the distances of the high-redshift SNe Ia were, on average, 10% to 15% further than expected in a low mass density Ω M = 0.2 universe without a cosmological constant". [14] This means that the measured high-redshift distances were too large, compared to nearby ones, for a decelerating universe. [15]
Contrary to common misconception, it is equally valid to adopt a description in which space does not expand and objects simply move apart while under the influence of their mutual gravity. [2] [3] [4] Although cosmic expansion is often framed as a consequence of general relativity, it is also predicted by Newtonian gravity. [5] [6]
The Alcubierre drive ([alkuˈβjere]) is a speculative warp drive idea according to which a spacecraft could achieve apparent faster-than-light travel by contracting space in front of it and expanding space behind it, under the assumption that a configurable energy-density field lower than that of vacuum (that is, negative mass) could be created.
As the inflationary field slowly relaxes to the vacuum, the cosmological constant goes to zero and space begins to expand normally. The new regions that come into view during the normal expansion phase are exactly the same regions that were pushed out of the horizon during inflation, and so they are at nearly the same temperature and curvature ...
A black hole with a mass of around 1 M ☉ will vanish in around 2 × 10 64 years. As the lifetime of a black hole is proportional to the cube of its mass, more massive black holes take longer to decay. A supermassive black hole with a mass of 10 11 (100 billion) M ☉ will evaporate in around 2 × 10 93 years. [45]
Instead, astronomical observations show that the expansion of the universe is accelerating rather than being slowed by gravity, suggesting that a Big Freeze is much more likely to occur. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Nonetheless, some physicists have proposed that a "Big Crunch-style" event could result from a dark energy fluctuation.
The world has been warming faster than expected. Scientists now think they know why ... This phenomenon is called “albedo” and refers to the ability of surfaces to reflect the sun’s energy ...
The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. [1] The concept of an expanding universe was scientifically originated by physicist Alexander Friedmann in 1922 with the mathematical derivation of the Friedmann equations.