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Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation) is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation of the 20th century, until there was a shift to computer animation in the industry, such as digital ink and paint and 3D computer animation .
A cel, short for celluloid, is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate and camphor ) was used during the first half of the 20th century.
The Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) was a proprietary collection of software, scanning camera systems, servers, networked computer workstations, and custom desks developed by The Walt Disney Company and Pixar in the late 1980s.
John Whitney Sr. (1917–1995) was an American animator, composer and inventor, widely considered to be one of the fathers of computer animation. [1] In the 1940s and 1950s, he and his brother James created a series of experimental films made with a custom-built device based on old anti-aircraft analog computers (Kerrison Predictors) connected by servomechanisms to control the motion of lights ...
Hand-drawn animation, which mostly consisted of a succession of still images painted on cels, was the dominant technique of the 20th century and became known as traditional animation. Today, computer animation is the dominant animation technique in most regions ( hand-drawn animation continues to be very popular outside of the US; for example ...
First CGI short movie released as completely open source. Made with open-source software, theatrical and DVD release under Creative Commons License. [47] Unique that all 3D models, animatics and software are included on the DVD free for any use. Flatland: 2007 First CGI feature film to be animated by one person.
Traditional animation (also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation) is the process that was used for most animated films of the 20th century. [59] The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, first drawn on paper. [ 60 ]
CoreRETAS is a rendering utility which allows one to set up a scene and render it as an animation, following a process similar to the traditional shooting of cels and backgrounds with an animation camera. The software features various functionality such as panning, multiplane effects, moving images, and exporting.