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Zwangendaba Gwaza kaZiguda Jele Gumbi, commonly known as Zwangendaba (1785–1848) was the first king of the Ngoni and Tumbuka people of Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania of the Jere Ngoni Clan from 1815 to 1857. [1] [2] He passed away in July 1848 and his son, Gwaza Jele, inherited his position soon after his death.
Following Zwangendaba's death in 1848, succession disputes split the Ngoni people. Zwangendaba's following and the Maseko Ngoni eventually created seven substantial Ngoni kingdoms in Tanzania, Zambia and Malawi. While the Ngoni were primarily agriculturalists, cattle were their main goal for raiding expeditions and migrations northward.
The Ngoni Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Ngoni Empire or the Kingdom of Ngoni, is a monarchy [2] [3] in Southern Africa [4] that started in 1815 when some of the Nguni of South Africa broke away from the Zulu Kingdom [1] and escaped to Malawi.
King Zwangendaba led an exodus that established the BaNgoni Kingdoms in Zambia and Malawi, with King Somkhanda (Gumbi) returning to the Mkhuze area to establish the Gumbi kingdom. [2] The group is named for Ngoni warrior-king Mphezeni (also Mpeseni).
Prince Gwaza Jele (c. 1791–1857) was a Jele prince and young brother of King Zwangendaba of the Ngoni and Tumbuka of the Jere Ngoni Clan. [1] [2] He was the first born son of King Zwangendaba Hlatshwayo Jele. He died in July 1857 and his son, M'Mbelwa I, inherited his position the same year.
The Ngoni of Mbelwa (also known as M'mbelwa) were a branch of Zwangendaba's Ngoni, which began its migration from South Africa between 1819 and 1822, eventually reaching southern Tanzania and remained there until Zwangendaba's death in the mid-1840s.
Ngoni people by ethnicity are found in Malawi (under Paramount Chief Mbelwa and Maseko Paramouncy), Zambia (under Paramount Chief Mpezeni), Mozambique and Tanzania (under Chief Zulu Gama). In Malawi and Zambia, they speak a mixture of the languages of the people they conquered, such as Chewa, Nsenga and Tumbuka. [citation needed]
Inkosi Ya Makhosi M'mbelwa I (1841–1891) was the king of the Ngoni and Tumbuka people of Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania of the Jere Ngoni Clan from 1857 to 1891. [1] [2] He was the first born son of King Zwangendaba Jele. His mother was Queen Munene of present-day Eswatini. He passed away in May 1983.