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In finance, a spread trade (also known as a relative value trade) is the simultaneous purchase of one security and sale of a related security, called legs, as a unit.Spread trades are usually executed with options or futures contracts as the legs, but other securities are sometimes used.
In this equation, Ke (COE) equals the anticipated return from the difference (Beta) of investment yields from a return based on market expectations (Rm) [9] and a Risk Free Rate (Rf), such as Treasury Bills or Bonds. KIBOR – Karachi Interbank Offered Rate; KPI – Key Performance Indicator, a type of performance measurement. An organization ...
Arbitrage (/ ˈ ɑːr b ɪ t r ɑː ʒ /, UK also /-t r ɪ dʒ /) is the practice of taking advantage of a difference in prices in two or more markets – striking a combination of matching deals to capitalize on the difference, the profit being the difference between the market prices at which the unit is traded. Arbitrage has the effect of ...
The MSCI EAFE Index is a stock market index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of developed markets outside of the U.S. & Canada. It is maintained by MSCI Inc., [1] a provider of investment decision support tools; the EAFE acronym stands for Europe, Australasia and Far East.
Up to a certain point, the use of debt (such as bonds or bank loans) in a company's capital structure is beneficial. When debt is a portion of a firm's capital structure, it permits the company to achieve greater earnings per share than would be possible by issuing equity.
The Brownian motion models for financial markets are based on the work of Robert C. Merton and Paul A. Samuelson, as extensions to the one-period market models of Harold Markowitz and William F. Sharpe, and are concerned with defining the concepts of financial assets and markets, portfolios, gains and wealth in terms of continuous-time stochastic processes.
The relationship between D/E and D/C is: D/C = D / D+E = D/E / 1 + D/E The debt-to-total assets (D/A) is defined as D/A = total liabilities / total assets = debt / debt + equity + (non-financial liabilities) It is a problematic measure of leverage, because an increase in non-financial liabilities reduces this ...
The ratio is used to gauge whether a stock, or group of stocks, is undervalued or overvalued by comparing its current market price to its inflation-adjusted historical earnings record. It is a variant of the more popular price to earning ratio and is calculated by dividing the current price of a stock by its average inflation-adjusted earnings ...