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  2. Pulse-width modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation

    Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), [1] is any method of representing a signal as a rectangular wave with a varying duty cycle (and for some methods also a varying period). PWM is useful for controlling the average power or amplitude delivered by an

  3. AVR microcontrollers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers

    The ATmega1280 and ATmega2560, with more pinout and memory capabilities, have also been employed to develop the Arduino Mega platform. Arduino boards can be used with its language and IDE, or with more conventional programming environments (C, assembler, etc.) as just standardized and widely available AVR platforms.

  4. Arduino - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino

    Arduino (/ ɑː r ˈ d w iː n oʊ /) is an Italian open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices.

  5. Random pulse-width modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_pulse-width_modulation

    In RPWM, one of the switching parameters of the PWM signal, such as switching frequency, pulse position and duty cycle are varied randomly in order to spread the energy of the PWM signal. Hence, depending on the parameter which is made random, RPWM can be classified as random frequency modulation (RFM), random pulse-position modulation (RPPM ...

  6. PWM rectifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PWM_rectifier

    PWM rectifier (Pulse-width modulation rectifier) is an AC to DC power converter, that is implemented using forced commutated power electronic semiconductor switches. Conventional PWM converters are used for wind turbines that have a permanent-magnet alternator.

  7. Space vector modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_vector_modulation

    Space vector modulation (SVM) is an algorithm for the control of pulse-width modulation (PWM), invented by Gerhard Pfaff, Alois Weschta, and Albert Wick in 1982. [1] [2] It is used for the creation of alternating current (AC) waveforms; most commonly to drive 3 phase AC powered motors at varying speeds from DC using multiple class-D amplifiers.

  8. Proportional–integral–derivative controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional–integral...

    Although a PID controller has three control terms, some applications need only one or two terms to provide appropriate control. This is achieved by setting the unused parameters to zero and is called a PI, PD, P, or I controller in the absence of the other control actions.

  9. Computer fan control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_fan_control

    A PWM-capable fan is usually connected to a 4-pin connector (pinout: Ground, +12 V, sense, control). The sense pin is used to relay the rotation speed of the fan and the control pin is an open-drain or open-collector output, which requires a pull-up to 5 V or 3.3 V in the fan.