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Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl 5. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being PCl 3 and POCl 3. PCl 5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid, although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminated with hydrogen chloride.
Phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentabromide, and phosphorus heptabromide are ionic in the solid and liquid states; PCl 5 is formulated as PCl 4 + PCl 6 –, but in contrast, PBr 5 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br −, and PBr 7 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br 3 −. They are widely used as chlorinating and brominating agents in organic chemistry.
The reaction of phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5) with phosphorus pentoxide (P 4 O 10). 6 PCl 5 + P 4 O 10 → 10 POCl 3. The reaction can be simplified by chlorinating a mixture of PCl 3 and P 4 O 10, generating the PCl 5 in situ. The reaction of phosphorus pentachloride with boric acid or oxalic acid: [12] 3 PCl 5 + 2 B(OH) 3 → 3 POCl 3 + B ...
A pentachloride is a compound or ion that contains five chlorine atoms or ions. Common pentachlorides include: Antimony pentachloride, SbCl 5; Arsenic pentachloride, AsCl 5; Molybdenum pentachloride, MoCl 5; Niobium pentachloride, NbCl 5; Phosphorus pentachloride, PCl 5; Protactinium pentachloride, PaCl 5; Osmium pentachloride, OsCl 5; Rhenium ...
The most common phosphonium compounds have four organic substituents attached to phosphorus. The quaternary phosphonium cations include tetraphenylphosphonium, (C 6 H 5) 4 P + and tetramethylphosphonium P(CH 3) + 4. Tetramethylphosphonium bromide [3] Structure of solid "phosphorus pentachloride", illustrating its autoionization to ...
Crystalline samples have been produced by the reaction of ammonium chloride and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene [4] or phosphorus pentachloride. [1] (NPCl 2) 3 + 2 [NH 4]Cl → P 3 N 5 + 8 HCl 3 PCl 5 + 5 [NH 4]Cl → P 3 N 5 + 20 HCl. P 3 N 5 has also been prepared at room temperature, by a reaction between phosphorus trichloride and sodium ...
Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), chlorine trifluoride (ClF 3), the chlorite (ClO − 2) ion in chlorous acid and the triiodide (I − 3) ion are examples of hypervalent molecules.
For example, both phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3) and phosphorus pentachloride, (PCl 5) are neutral covalent compounds of phosphorus in the +5 oxidation state. If an oxygen atom is simply replaced by a halogen atom the charge increases by +1, but the coordination number is unchanged.