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m is a divisor of n (also called m divides n, or n is divisible by m) if all prime factors of m have at least the same multiplicity in n. The divisors of n are all products of some or all prime factors of n (including the empty product 1 of no prime factors). The number of divisors can be computed by increasing all multiplicities by 1 and then ...
Given an integer n (n refers to "the integer to be factored"), the trial division consists of systematically testing whether n is divisible by any smaller number. Clearly, it is only worthwhile to test candidate factors less than n, and in order from two upwards because an arbitrary n is more likely to be divisible by two than by three, and so on.
The entries in the table resolve this ambiguity by the following convention: the factors are primes in the right complex half plane with absolute value of the real part larger than or equal to the absolute value of the imaginary part. The entries are sorted according to increasing norm x 2 + y 2 (sequence A001481 in the OEIS). The table is ...
In number theory, the prime omega functions and () count the number of prime factors of a natural number . Thereby (little omega) counts each distinct prime factor, whereas the related function () (big omega) counts the total number of prime factors of , honoring their multiplicity (see arithmetic function).
For Mersenne numbers, the trivial factors are not possible for prime n, so all factors are of the form 2kn + 1. In general, all factors of (b n − 1) /(b − 1) are of the form 2kn + 1, where b ≥ 2 and n is prime, except when n divides b − 1, in which case (b n − 1)/(b − 1) is divisible by n itself.
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Now the product of the factors a − mb mod n can be obtained as a square in two ways—one for each homomorphism. Thus, one can find two numbers x and y , with x 2 − y 2 divisible by n and again with probability at least one half we get a factor of n by finding the greatest common divisor of n and x − y .
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