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The Francophonie or Francophone world is the whole body of people and organisations around the world who use the French language regularly for private or public purposes. The term was coined by Onésime Reclus [ 1 ] in 1880 and became important as part of the conceptual rethinking of cultures and geography in the late 20th century.
The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF; sometimes shortened to La Francophonie, French: La Francophonie [la fʁɑ̃kɔfɔni], [4] [note 3] sometimes also called International Organisation of La Francophonie in English [5]) is an international organization representing where there is a notable affiliation with French language and culture.
The Three Linguistic Spaces [1] (Tres Espacios Lingüísticos in Spanish, Trois Espaces linguistiques in French, Três Espaços Linguísticos in Portuguese, acronym: TEL) is a structure for cooperation between the Francophone, or French-speaking world, the Hispanophone or Spanish-speaking world, and the Lusophone, or Portuguese-speaking world.
Anti-French sentiment (Francophobia or Gallophobia) is the fear of, discrimination against, prejudice of, or hatred towards France, the French people, French culture, the French government or the Francophonie (set of political entities that use French as an official language or whose French-speaking population is numerically or proportionally large). [1]
Francophile sentiment in the US was deeply influential on American public opinion and involvement in both World Wars. The Francophile filmmaker Preston Sturges always considered France his "second home" where he spent much of his childhood, was fluent in French and was greatly influenced by the films of his close friend René Clair . [ 78 ]
French is an administrative language and is commonly but unofficially used in the Maghreb states, Mauritania, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia.As of 2023, an estimated 350 million African people spread across 34 African countries can speak French either as a first or second language, mostly as a secondary language, making Africa the continent with the most French speakers in the world. [2]
The late 2010s and early 2020s also brought a number of major political moments for Canadian francophonie, such as the 2018 Franco-Ontarian Black Thursday, debates on the modernisation of the federal Official Languages Act, and the ascension of Blaine Higgs, a former anti-bilingualism activist, to the Premiership of New Brunswick. [9] [10] [11]
[74] [77] Macron has accused Moscow and Ankara of fueling anti-French sentiment in the Central African Republic. [78] [77] One of the main emphases of France's continuing links in Africa is opposing Islamist militants in the Sahel. [73] Many former French colonies have experienced a growing anti-French sentiment in the past 30 years.