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Shortcrust pastry recipes usually call for twice as much flour as fat by weight. Fat (as lard , shortening , butter or traditional margarine ) is rubbed into plain flour to create a loose mixture that is then bound using a small amount of ice water, rolled out, then shaped and placed to create the top or bottom of a pie.
The idea of shortening dates back to at least the 18th century, well before the invention of modern, shelf-stable vegetable shortening. [1] In the earlier centuries, lard was the primary ingredient used to shorten dough. [2] The reason it is called shortening is that it makes the resulting food crumbly, or to behave as if it had short fibers.
Many cuisines use lard as a cooking fat or shortening, or as a spread in the same ways as butter. It is an ingredient in various savoury dishes such as sausages , pâtés , and fillings . As a replacement for butter, it provides flakiness to pastry .
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The dough is butter, shortening, or margarine, eggs, and flour. [ 18 ] Leavening agents such as baking powder , baking soda , potassium carbonate , or ammonium carbonate get the sticky and dense consistency of the original mixture.
Baking Powder. For one 1 teaspoon of baking powder, use 1/4 tsp. baking soda and 1/2 tsp. vinegar or lemon juice and milk to total half a cup. Make sure to decrease the liquid in your recipe by ...
Both forms require creating two doughs: a 'water' dough and an 'oil' dough. The 'water' dough requires mixing of flour, oil or fat, and warm water at a ratio of 10:3:4, while the 'oil' dough requires direct mixing of flour and oil or fat at a ratio of 2:1 or 3:1, which provides for a crumbly mouthfeel and rich flavour. [3]
Cottolene ad, 1915. Cottolene was a brand of shortening made of beef suet and cottonseed oil produced in the United States from the late 1880s until the mid-20th century. It was the first mass-produced and mass-marketed alternative to cooking with lard, and is remembered today for its iconic national ad campaign and the cookbooks that were written to promote its use.
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