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UDP is a simple message-oriented transport layer protocol that is documented in RFC 768.Although UDP provides integrity verification (via checksum) of the header and payload, [4] it provides no guarantees to the upper layer protocol for message delivery and the UDP layer retains no state of UDP messages once sent.
In order to do this, the protocol (lower) layer will add to the SDU certain data it needs to perform its function; which is called encapsulation. For example, it might add a port number to identify the application, a network address to help with routing, a code to identify the type of data in the packet and error-checking information.
This is a list of the IP protocol numbers found in the field Protocol of the IPv4 header and the Next Header field of the IPv6 header.It is an identifier for the encapsulated protocol and determines the layout of the data that immediately follows the header.
This is a list of TCP and UDP port numbers used by protocols for operation of network applications. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) only need one port for bidirectional traffic. TCP usually uses port numbers that match the services of the corresponding UDP implementations, if they exist, and vice versa.
In the OSI model, this function is supported by the session layer. Some transport layer protocols, for example TCP, but not UDP, support virtual circuits, i.e. provide connection-oriented communication over an underlying packet-oriented datagram network. A byte stream is delivered while hiding the packet mode communication for the application ...
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet ...
Encapsulation of user data in the Unix-style UDP stack, in which each new layer includes the data from the previous layer, but without being able to identify which part of the data is the header or trailer from the previous layer.
The TCP segment is then encapsulated into an Internet Protocol (IP) datagram, and exchanged with peers. [14] The term TCP packet appears in both informal and formal usage, whereas in more precise terminology segment refers to the TCP protocol data unit (PDU), datagram [15] to the IP PDU, and frame to the data link layer PDU: