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Smog, or smoke fog, is a type of intense air pollution. The word "smog" was coined in the early 20th century, and is a portmanteau of the words smoke and fog [ 1 ] to refer to smoky fog due to its opacity, and odor. [ 2 ] The word was then intended to refer to what was sometimes known as pea soup fog, a familiar and serious problem in London ...
Ground-level ozone. Seasonal average vertical columns of tropospheric ozone in Dobson units over the period 1979 to 2000. In June to August, photochemical ozone production causes very high concentrations over the East Coast of the US and China. Ground-level ozone (O3), also known as surface-level ozone and tropospheric ozone, is a trace gas in ...
e. Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances called pollutants in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. [ 1 ] It is also the contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment either by chemical, physical, or biological ...
Land art, variously known as Earth art, environmental art, and Earthworks, is an art movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, [ 1 ] largely associated with Great Britain and the United States [ 2 ][ 3 ][ 4 ] but that also includes examples from many countries. As a trend, "land art" expanded boundaries of art by the materials used and the ...
Environmental art is a range of artistic practices encompassing both historical approaches to nature in art and more recent ecological and politically motivated types of works. [1][2] Environmental art has evolved away from formal concerns, for example monumental earthworks using earth as a sculptural material, towards a deeper relationship to ...
Origins and history. Art meant the ‘ bear ’ in Celtic languages. The name derives from Proto-Celtic *artos (“bear”) (compare Cornish arth, Welsh arth, Breton arzh), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”). With bears the local apex predator, Art figuratively referred to a 'champion', and two legendary High Kings of Ireland ...
The Great Smog of 1952 in London. Early in December 1952, a cold fog descended upon London. Because of the cold, Londoners began to burn more coal than usual. The resulting air pollution was trapped by the inversion layer formed by the dense mass of cold air. Concentrations of pollutants, coal smoke in particular, built up dramatically.
The smoke kills by a combination of thermal damage, poisoning and pulmonary irritation caused by carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and other combustion products. Smoke is an aerosol (or mist) of solid particles and liquid droplets that are close to the ideal range of sizes for Mie scattering of visible light.