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Napoleon Bonaparte[b] (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; [1][c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military officer and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from ...
v. t. e. The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, [ 5 ][ b ] then the French Empire (French: Empire Français; Latin: Imperium Francicum) after 1809 and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
The Third of May 1808 by Francisco Goya, attacks Napoleon by showing Spanish resisters being executed by his brutal soldiers. In the political realm, historians debate whether Napoleon was "an enlightened despot who laid the foundations of modern Europe" or "a megalomaniac who wrought greater misery than any man before the coming of Hitler ". [ 4 ]
The Napoleonic era, from 1799 to 1815, was marked by Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power in France. He became Emperor in 1804 and sought to expand French influence across Europe. Major events include the Napoleonic Wars, the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, and Napoleon's exile to Elba and later to Saint Helena. His legacy shaped European politics ...
Between 1801 and 1811, the population of Paris grew from 546,856 to 622,636, nearly the population before the French Revolution, and by 1817 it reached 713,966. During Napoleon's reign, Paris suffered from war and blockade, but retained its position as a European capital of fashion, art, science, education, and commerce.
v. t. e. The Directory (also called Directorate; French: le Directoire [diʁɛktwaʁ] ⓘ) was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire an IV) until November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the Consulate.
January 14: Napoleon wins the Battle of Rivoli. October 17: Treaty of Campo Formio with Austria. December 5: Napoleon returns to Paris as a hero. 1798. May 19: Napoleon begins his Egyptian campaign with an army of 38,000. July 21: Wins Battle of the Pyramids against Mamelukes in Egypt. July 24: Fall of Cairo.
The Treaty of Paris of 1815, also known as the Second Treaty of Paris, was signed on 20 November 1815, after the defeat and the second abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte. In February, Napoleon had escaped from his exile on Elba, entered Paris on 20 March and began the Hundred Days of his restored rule. After France's defeat at the hands of the ...