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A polygene is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance (polygenic inheritance, multigenic inheritance, quantitative inheritance [1]), a type of non-Mendelian inheritance, as opposed to single-gene inheritance, which is the core notion of Mendelian inheritance.
Genetic architecture is the underlying genetic basis of a phenotypic trait and its variational properties. [1] Phenotypic variation for quantitative traits is, at the most basic level, the result of the segregation of alleles at quantitative trait loci (QTL). [2]
In this example, both parents have the genotype Bb. For the example of eye color, this would mean they both have brown eyes. They can produce gametes that contain either the B or the b allele. (It is conventional in genetics to use capital letters to indicate dominant alleles and lower-case letters to indicate recessive alleles.)
An example pedigree chart of an autosomal dominant disorder An example pedigree chart of an autosomal recessive disorder An example pedigree chart of a sex-linked disorder (The gene is on the X chromosome.) The description of a mode of biological inheritance consists of three main categories: 1. Number of involved loci
The infinitesimal model, also known as the polygenic model, is a widely used statistical model in quantitative genetics and in genome-wide association studies.Originally developed in 1918 by Ronald Fisher, it is based on the idea that variation in a quantitative trait is influenced by an infinitely large number of genes, each of which makes an infinitely small (infinitesimal) contribution to ...
In fact, the terms 'multifactorial' and 'polygenic' are used as synonyms and these terms are commonly used to describe the architecture of disease causing genetic component. [2] Multifactorial diseases are often found gathered in families yet, they do not show any distinct pattern of inheritance.
This model illustrates polygenic additive effects on phenotype Genetic effects are broadly divided into two categories: additive and non-additive. Additive genetic effects occur where expression of more than one gene contributes to phenotype (or where alleles of a heterozygous gene both contribute), and the phenotypic expression of these gene(s ...
A trait can also be determined by multiple genes, known as polygenic inheritance. Genes also have different levels of penetrance , which determines how much they will be expressed. In addition, the environment affects the expression of numerous genes, therefore making the test cross inapplicable in many cases.