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The majority of radiopharmaceuticals are based on proton deficient isotopes, with technetium-99m being the most commonly used medical isotope, and therefore nuclear reactors are the prime source of medical radioisotopes. [2]
The concept of nuclear pharmacy was first described in 1960 by Captain William H. Briner while at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland.Along with Mr. Briner, John E. Christian, who was a professor in the School of Pharmacy at Purdue University, had written articles and contributed in other ways to set the stage of nuclear pharmacy.
Radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for both treatment and diagnostic scans. The most common isotope used in diagnostic scans is Technetium-99m, used in approximately 85% of all nuclear medicine diagnostic scans worldwide.
Radiopharmaceuticals, or medicinal radiocompounds, are a group of pharmaceutical drugs containing radioactive isotopes. Radiopharmaceuticals can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Radiopharmaceuticals emit radiation themselves, which is different from contrast media which absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound.
A medical triad is a group of three signs or symptoms, the result of injury to three organs, which characterise a specific medical condition. The appearance of all three signs conjoined together in another patient, points to that the patient has the same medical condition, or diagnosis.
Many other isotopes have been used in specialized radiopharmacological studies. The most widely used is 67 Ga for gallium scans. 67 Ga is used because, like 99m Tc, it is a gamma-ray emitter and various ligands can be attached to the Ga 3+ ion, forming a coordination complex which may have selective affinity for particular sites in the human body.
Position-specific isotopes can be used to trace environmental pollutants through local and global environment. [22] This is specifically useful as heavy isotopes are often used to synthesize chemicals and then will get incorporated into the natural environment through biodegradation. Thus, tracing position-specific isotopes in the environment ...
Radioisotope renography is a form of medical imaging of the kidneys that uses radiolabelling.A renogram, which may also be known as a MAG3 scan, allows a nuclear medicine physician or a radiologist to visualize the kidneys and learn more about how they are functioning. [1]
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