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An octopus (pl.: octopuses or octopodes [a]) is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda (/ ɒ k ˈ t ɒ p ə d ə /, ok-TOP-ə-də [3]).The order consists of some 300 species and is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids.
Cephalopod limbs bear numerous suckers along their ventral surface as in octopus, squid and cuttlefish arms and in clusters at the ends of the tentacles (if present), as in squid and cuttlefish. [9] Each sucker is usually circular and bowl-like and has two distinct parts: an outer shallow cavity called an infundibulum and a central hollow ...
Bathypolypus arcticus is a small, short-armed octopus which is between 6 and 10 cm (2.4–3.9 in) in length, [4] with an average adult weight of around 45 g (1.6 oz) [2] and a maximum of 300 g (11 oz). [3] Like other deep-sea octopuses, Bathypolypus arcticus do not have ink sacs. [2] The mantle is globular, being nearly as wide as it is long.
[12]: 2 These chromatophores are found throughout the body of the octopus, however, they are controlled by the same part of the brain that controls elongation during jet propulsion to reduce drag. As such, jetting octopuses can turn pale because the brain is unable to achieve both controlling elongation and controlling the chromatophores. [ 40 ]
Cirrina or Cirrata is a suborder and one of the two main divisions of octopuses. Cirrate octopuses have a small, internal shell and two fins on their head, while their sister suborder Incirrina has neither. The fins of cirrate octopods are associated with a unique cartilage-like shell in a shell sac.
Certain squid species possess a tail, which is an extension of the body past the fins. [5] The tail may be said to start at "the point where a hypothetical line, continuous with the broad posterior edge of the fin, crosses the midline of the body". [ 1 ]
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The informally named Casper octopus species were first discovered in 2016 in the Pacific Ocean, in water off Hawaii. [1] The two distinct Casper species are new to science but have not yet been formally named with a binomial name as no specimens have yet been collected - they are only known from imagery. [1]