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  2. Tombstone (typography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone_(typography)

    Various forms of the end-of-proof symbol. In mathematics, the tombstone, halmos, end-of-proof, or Q.E.D. symbol "∎" (or " ") is a symbol used to denote the end of a proof, in place of the traditional abbreviation "Q.E.D." for the Latin phrase "quod erat demonstrandum".

  3. Up tack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_tack

    The up tack or falsum (⊥, \bot in LaTeX, U+22A5 in Unicode [1]) is a constant symbol used to represent: . The truth value 'false', or a logical constant denoting a proposition in logic that is always false (often called "falsum" or "absurdum").

  4. List of logic symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols

    In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.

  5. Glossary of number theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_number_theory

    Fermat's last theorem Fermat's last theorem, one of the most famous and difficult to prove theorems in number theory, states that for any integer n > 2, the equation a n + b n = c n has no positive integer solutions. Fermat's little theorem Fermat's little theorem field extension A field extension L/K is a pair of fields K and L such that K is ...

  6. Turnstile (symbol) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnstile_(symbol)

    = non-theorem, does not yield; U+22AC ⊬ DOES NOT PROVE (⊬) ≡ 22A2⊢ 0338$̸; On a typewriter, a turnstile can be composed from a vertical bar (|) and a dash (–). In LaTeX there is a turnstile package which issues this sign in many ways, and is capable of putting labels below or above it, in the correct places. [16]

  7. Least-upper-bound property - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least-upper-bound_property

    In this case, the intermediate value theorem states that f must have a root in the interval [a, b]. This theorem can be proved by considering the set S = {s ∈ [a, b] : f (x) < 0 for all x ≤ s} . That is, S is the initial segment of [a, b] that takes negative values under f.

  8. Geometry of numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry_of_numbers

    In the geometry of numbers, the subspace theorem was obtained by Wolfgang M. Schmidt in 1972. [6] It states that if n is a positive integer, and L 1,...,L n are linearly independent linear forms in n variables with algebraic coefficients and if ε>0 is any given real number, then the non-zero integer points x in n coordinates with

  9. Berry paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_paradox

    Boolos (1989) built on a formalized version of Berry's paradox to prove Gödel's incompleteness theorem in a new and much simpler way. The basic idea of his proof is that a proposition that holds of x if and only if x = n for some natural number n can be called a definition for n , and that the set {( n , k ): n has a definition that is k ...