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The active object design pattern decouples method execution from method invocation for objects that each reside in their own thread of control. [1] The goal is to introduce concurrency , by using asynchronous method invocation and a scheduler for handling requests.
The main thread has the ability to create additional threads as Runnable or Callable objects. The Callable interface is similar to Runnable in that both are designed for classes whose instances are potentially executed by another thread. [3] A Runnable, however, does not return a result and cannot throw a checked exception. [4]
The submitted code must be wrapped with a Runnable object. Two methods of these classes allow: synchronous code execution (SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(Runnable) or EventQueue.invokeAndWait(Runnable)) and asynchronous code execution (SwingUtilities.invokeLater(Runnable) or EventQueue.invokeLater(Runnable)) from the event dispatching thread.
The code uses the invokeLater(Runnable) method to invoke the constructor from the AWT event dispatching thread in order to ensure the code is executed in a thread-safe manner. Once the frame is displayed, exiting the main method does not cause the program to terminate because the event dispatching thread remains active until all of the Swing ...
Java—thread class or Runnable interface; Julia—"concurrent programming primitives: Tasks, async-wait, Channels." [15] JavaScript—via web workers, in a browser environment, promises, and callbacks. JoCaml—concurrent and distributed channel based, extension of OCaml, implements the join-calculus of processes
enter the monitor: enter the method if the monitor is locked add this thread to e block this thread else lock the monitor leave the monitor: schedule return from the method wait c: add this thread to c.q schedule block this thread notify c: if there is a thread waiting on c.q select and remove one thread t from c.q (t is called "the notified ...
Reentrancy is neither necessary nor sufficient for thread-safety in multi-threaded environments. In other words, a reentrant subroutine can be thread-safe, [1] but is not guaranteed to be [citation needed]. Conversely, thread-safe code need not be reentrant (see below for examples). Other terms used for reentrant programs include "sharable code ...
A sample UML class and sequence diagram for the Command design pattern. [3]In the above UML class diagram, the Invoker class doesn't implement a request directly. Instead, Invoker refers to the Command interface to perform a request (command.execute()), which makes the Invoker independent of how the request is performed.