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Qin Shi Huang (Chinese: 秦始皇, pronunciation ⓘ; February 259 [e] – 12 July 210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China. [9] Rather than maintain the title of "king" (wáng 王) borne by the previous Shang and Zhou rulers, he assumed the invented title of "emperor" (huángdì 皇帝), which would see continuous use by monarchs in China for the next two ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. First Imperial dynasty in China (221–206 BC) This article is about the first imperial Chinese dynasty. Not to be confused with the Qing dynasty, the final such dynasty. "Qin Empire" redirects here. For other uses, see Qin Empire (disambiguation). Qin 秦 221–206 BC Heirloom Seal of ...
The practice was initiated by Qin Shi Huang, who gave the title as a posthumous name to his own father, as was already common for monarchs of any stratum of power. Liu Bang, who established the Han dynasty, was the first to become emperor while his father yet lived. It was said he granted the title during his father's life because he would not ...
Temple of Huangdi in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, Henan. Until 221 BC, when Qin Shi Huang of the Qin dynasty coined the title huangdi (皇帝) – conventionally "emperor" - the character di 帝 did not refer to earthly rulers but to Shangdi, the highest god of the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC) pantheon. [12]
In 316 BC, Qin expanded south towards the Sichuan Basin by conquering the states of Ba and Shu. In 278 BC, Qin forces led by Bai Qi attacked Chu from the former Ba and Shu territories, capturing the Chu capitals of Ying and Chen (陳; present-day Huaiyang, Zhoukou, Henan) and forcing Chu to give up its territories west of the Han River.
The Qin king Ying Zheng declared himself as Qin Shi Huangdi, "The first Sovereign Emperor of Qin". [10] In the rule of the Qin state, the union was based solely on military power. The feudal holdings were abolished, and noble families were forced to live in the capital city Xianyang, in order to be supervised.
It unified the seven states of China in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the Qin state before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" [3] [4] or "proto-Qin". [5]
The Twelve Metal Colossi (十 二 金 人) were twelve bronze monumental statues cast after 221 BCE by the order of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China.After defeating the other six Warring States during Qin's wars of unification, Qin Shi Huang had their bronze weapons collected and melted them down to be recast as bells and statues.