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In the 12th century, the Drukpa Kagyupa school was established and remains the dominant form of Buddhism in Bhutan today. The country's political history is intimately tied to its religious history and relations among the various monastic schools and monasteries. [2]
This is a timeline of Bhutanese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Bhutan and its predecessor states. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
Much of early Bhutanese history is unclear because most of the records were destroyed when fire ravaged the ancient capital, Punakha, in 1827. By the 10th century, Bhutan's religious history had a significant impact on its political development. Various subsects of Buddhism emerged that were patronised by the various Mongol warlords.
The Bhutanese are physically similar to the Tibetans, but history does not record when they crossed over the Himalayas and settled in the south-draining valleys of Bhutan. Both Tibetans and Bhutanese revere the tantric guru , Padmasambhava , the founder of Himalayan Buddhism in the 8th century.
Bhutan also established its first diplomatic relations with India under the bilateral Treaty of Friendship, largely patterned after the prior Treaty of Punakha. [ 10 ] The Third King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck ( r. 1952–1972) ascended the throne at the age of 23, having been educated in England and India .
The Bhutanese monarchy was established on 17 December 1907, unifying the country under the control of the Wangchuck dynasty, hereditary penlops (governors) of Trongsa Province. The King of Bhutan , formally known as the Druk Gyalpo ("Dragon King"), also occupies the office of Druk Desi under the " Dual System of Government ".
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Southern Boundary of Bhutan in blue before the Duar War of 1865. Across the nineteenth century, British India commissioned multiple missions to Bhutan. [1] Official documents always cited cross-border raids by Bhutan or sheltering of dissidents as the immediate cause; however, modern historians note Britain's imperialist ambitions in the region to be the actual pretext. [1]