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tail has two special command line option -f and -F (follow) that allows a file to be monitored. Instead of just displaying the last few lines and exiting, tail displays the lines and then monitors the file. As new lines are added to the file by another process, tail updates the display. This is particularly useful for monitoring log files.
For an application, the simplest way to use a terminal is to simply write and read text strings to and from it sequentially. The output text is scrolled, so that only the last several lines (typically 24) are visible. Unix systems typically buffer the input text until the Enter key is pressed, so the application receives a ready string of text ...
This displays the first 5 lines of all files starting with foo: head -n 5 foo* Most versions [citation needed] allow omitting n and instead directly specifying the number: -5. GNU head allows negative arguments for the -n option, meaning to print all but the last - argument value counted - lines of each input file.-c bytes --bytes = bytes
a - number all lines; t - number lines with printable text only; n - no line numbering; string - number only those lines containing the regular expression defined in the string supplied. The default applied switch is t. nl also supports some command line options.
Sar was originally developed for the Unix System V operating system; it is available in AIX, HP-UX, Solaris and other System V based operating systems but it is not available for macOS or FreeBSD. Prior to 2013 there was a bsdsar tool, but it is now deprecated. [3] Most Linux distributions provide sar utility through the sysstat package.
nmon (Nigel's Monitor [2]) is a computer performance system monitor tool for the AIX and Linux operating systems. [3] [4] The nmon tool has two modes a) displays the performance stats on-screen in a condensed format or b) the same stats are saved to a comma-separated values (CSV) data file for later graphing and analysis to aid the understanding of computer resource use, tuning options and ...
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Version 1 AT&T UNIX dd: Filesystem Mandatory Convert and copy a file Version 5 AT&T UNIX delta: SCCS Optional (XSI) Make a delta (change) to an SCCS file PWB UNIX df: Filesystem Mandatory Report free disk space Version 1 AT&T UNIX diff: Text processing Mandatory Compare two files; see also cmp Version 5 AT&T UNIX dirname: Filesystem Mandatory