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  2. Genetic engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering

    Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms .

  3. Genetic engineering techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering_techniques

    Human-directed genetic manipulation began with the domestication of plants and animals through artificial selection in about 12,000 BC. [1]: 1 Various techniques were developed to aid in breeding and selection. Hybridization was one way rapid changes in an organism's genetic makeup could be introduced. Crop hybridization most likely first ...

  4. Genetically modified crops - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_crops

    The genetic information for tumor growth is encoded on a mobile, circular DNA fragment . When Agrobacterium infects a plant, it transfers this T-DNA to a random site in the plant genome. When used in genetic engineering the bacterial T-DNA is removed from the bacterial plasmid and replaced with the desired foreign gene.

  5. Molecular breeding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_breeding

    Molecular breeding is the application of molecular biology tools, often in plant breeding [1] [2] and animal breeding. [3] [4] In the broad sense, molecular breeding can be defined as the use of genetic manipulation performed at the level of DNA to improve traits of interest in plants and animals, and it may also include genetic engineering or gene manipulation, molecular marker-assisted ...

  6. Genetically modified plant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_plant

    Genetically modified plants have been engineered for scientific research, to create new colours in plants, deliver vaccines, and to create enhanced crops. Plant genomes can be engineered by physical methods or by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors.

  7. Genetically modified food in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food...

    Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980), was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with whether genetically modified organisms can be patented. [8] The Court held that a living, man-made micro-organism is patentable subject matter as a "manufacture" or "composition of matter" within the meaning of the Patent Act of 1952.

  8. Modifications (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifications_(genetics)

    Genetic engineering is a type of intentional genetic modification, which uses biotechnology to alter an organism's genome. [ citation needed ] According to World Health Organization (WHO), genetically modified organisms are defined as "Organisms (i.e. plants, animals or microorganisms) in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a ...

  9. Genetically modified organism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_organism

    A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination". [1]