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  2. Timeline of mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_mathematics

    This is a timeline of pure and applied mathematics history.It is divided here into three stages, corresponding to stages in the development of mathematical notation: a "rhetorical" stage in which calculations are described purely by words, a "syncopated" stage in which quantities and common algebraic operations are beginning to be represented by symbolic abbreviations, and finally a "symbolic ...

  3. Irrational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number

    Conversely, a decimal expansion that terminates or repeats must be a rational number. These are provable properties of rational numbers and positional number systems and are not used as definitions in mathematics. Irrational numbers can also be expressed as non-terminating continued fractions (which in some cases are periodic), and in many ...

  4. Algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra

    Algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies certain abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic operations other than the standard arithmetic operations, such as addition and multiplication.

  5. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

    For instance, the rational numbers , , and are written as 0.1, 3.71, and 0.0044 in the decimal fraction notation. [100] Modified versions of integer calculation methods like addition with carry and long multiplication can be applied to calculations with decimal fractions. [ 101 ]

  6. Indian mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_mathematics

    The decimal number system in use today [3] was first recorded in Indian mathematics. [4] Indian mathematicians made early contributions to the study of the concept of zero as a number, [ 5 ] negative numbers , [ 6 ] arithmetic , and algebra . [ 7 ]

  7. History of mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics

    In a 1900 speech to the International Congress of Mathematicians, David Hilbert set out a list of 23 unsolved problems in mathematics. [205] These problems, spanning many areas of mathematics, formed a central focus for much of 20th-century mathematics. Today, 10 have been solved, 7 are partially solved, and 2 are still open.

  8. List of Indian inventions and discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_inventions...

    Indian mathematicians were aware of negative numbers by the 7th century, [175] and their role in mathematical problems of debt was understood. [176] Mostly consistent and correct rules for working with negative numbers were formulated, [ 177 ] and the diffusion of these rules led the Arab intermediaries to pass it on to Europe., [ 176 ] for ...

  9. List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    The first table lists countries by the percentage of their population with an income of less than $2.15 (the extreme poverty line), $3.65 and $6.85 US dollars a day in 2017 international PPP prices. The data is from the most recent year available from the World Bank API. [1] [2] [3]