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The El Niño–Southern Oscillation is a single climate phenomenon that quasi-periodically fluctuates between three phases: Neutral, La Niña or El Niño. [12] La Niña and El Niño are opposite phases which require certain changes to take place in both the ocean and the atmosphere before an event is declared. [12]
The 2020–2023 La Niña event was a rare three-year, triple-dip La Niña. [1] The impact of the event led to numerous natural disasters that were either sparked or fueled by La Niña. La Niña refers to the reduction in the temperature of the ocean surface across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, accompanied by notable changes in the ...
La Niña conditions have occurred for three straight years, for only the third time in recorded history. The other two times were from 1973 to 1976 and 1998 to 2001. The other two times were from ...
The 2009–2010 El Niño event started in the Pacific Ocean during July 2009, before it reached it peaked during December and broke down during the first quarter of 2010. [5] [6] The climate of the Pacific Ocean subsequently returned to neutral conditions by the end of April, while climate models used and developed by various meteorological agencies, subsequently started to show signs that a ...
As shown by NOAA's ENSO Index graph, most of the last three years have been dominated by La Niña, but that streak has recently been declared over, and forecasts are now calling for neutral to El ...
El Niño finally lost its grip on global weather in June, but La Niña’s arrival was delayed repeatedly, leaving an extended period of neutral conditions in place through the summer and fall.
El Niño is a natural climate event caused by the Southern Oscillation, popularly known as El Niño or also in meteorological circles as El Niño-Southern Oscillation or ENSO, [6] through which global warming of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean results in the development of unusually warm waters between the coast of South America and the ...
A markedly increased Walker circulation causes a La Niña by intensifying the upwelling of cold deep sea water; which cools the sea surface to below average temperatures. During non-El Niño conditions, the Walker circulation is seen at the surface as easterly trade winds that move water and air warmed by the sun toward the west.