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The General Buddhist Association of Vietnam was a Buddhist organization formed in the State of Vietnam in 1951, regarded as the first national Buddhist association of the country. [1] It was prominent during the 1963 Buddhist crisis , a period of demonstrations and political instability which led to the deposal of President Ngo Dinh Diem .
Vietnamese Buddhism is generally inclusive and syncretic, drawing on the main Chinese Buddhist traditions, such as Tiantai (Vietnamese: Thiên Thai) and Huayan (Hoa Nghiêm), Zen , and Pure Land (Tịnh Độ). [4] [5] [6] Statue of Amitābha Buddha (A Di Đà Phật) on Fansipan (Phan Xi Păng) Mountain, Lào Cai Province.
The Buddhist crisis (Vietnamese: Biến cố Phật giáo) was a period of political and religious tension in South Vietnam between May and November 1963, characterized by a series of repressive acts by the South Vietnamese government and a campaign of civil resistance, led mainly by Buddhist monks.
During the Vietnam War, the US backed a Catholic named Ngô Đình Diệm for his leadership of South Vietnam. The US assumed that Diem would protect freedom of religion in South Vietnam, due to his deep faith, but instead he used his power to suppress Buddhism (which was the majority religion of South Vietnam) and promote Catholicism. [8]
The relationship between Buddhism and democracy has a long history with some scholars claiming the very foundations of Buddhist society were democratic. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Though some historic Buddhist societies have been categorized as feudalistic, the relationship between peasants and land owners was often voluntary.
The Buddhist Uprising of 1966 (Vietnamese: Nổi dậy Phật giáo 1966), or more widely known in Vietnam as the Crisis in Central Vietnam (Vietnamese: Biến động Miền Trung), was a period of civil and military unrest in South Vietnam, largely focused in the I Corps area in the north of the country in central Vietnam.
Thích Trí Quang (chữ Hán: 釋智光) (21 December 1923 – 8 November 2019) was a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk best known for his role in leading South Vietnam's Buddhist population during the Buddhist crisis in 1963, and in later Buddhist protests against subsequent South Vietnamese military regimes until the Buddhist Uprising of 1966 was crushed.
At the national level, the VBS consists of: [20] [21] [22] The Patronage Council, also called the Dharma Council (Hội đồng Chứng minh): this is the supreme leadership organ; it is responsible for regulating and interpreting Buddhist teachings, rules, laws, dharma and rituals; the council has 96 members and headed by the Supreme Patriarch (Pháp chủ)