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River ecosystems are prime examples of lotic ecosystems. Lotic refers to flowing water, from the Latin lotus, meaning washed. Lotic waters range from springs only a few centimeters wide to major rivers kilometers in width. [5] Much of this article applies to lotic ecosystems in general, including related lotic systems such as streams and springs.
Dendritic drainage: the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Tibet, seen from space: snow cover has melted in the valley system. In geomorphology, drainage systems, also known as river systems, are the patterns formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. They are governed by the topography of land, whether a particular region is ...
The counterweight system of the shadoof is an early example of the engineering of river water. In pre-industrial society, rivers were a source of transportation and abundant resources. [19] [26] Many civilizations depended on what resources were local to them to survive.
For example, the Antarctic ice ... Lake Titicaca-Desaguadero River-Lake Poopó System: Endorheic basin: South America: n/a (endorheic basin) 144,590 55,830 [48 ...
The Colorado River cut the Grand Canyon as the Colorado Plateau rose between 5 and 2.5 million years ago. Paradox Valley is another good example in the Colorado Plateau. Devil's Gate in Wyoming is a remarkable display of an antecedent stream. A 100-meter slot is cut through a granite ridge which would have missed the ridge completely had the ...
Extensive braided river systems are found in Alaska, Canada, New Zealand's South Island, and the Himalayas, which all contain young, rapidly eroding mountains. The enormous Brahmaputra river in Northeastern India is a classic example of a braided river. [18]
For example, due to 18 cutoffs created between 1766 and 1885, the length of the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois, to New Orleans, Louisiana, was reduced by 351 kilometres (218 miles). [ 10 ] These points make it difficult, if not impossible, to get an accurate measurement of the length of a river.
Watershed delineation is the process of identifying the boundary of a watershed, also referred to as a catchment, drainage basin, or river basin. It is an important step in many areas of environmental science, engineering, and management, for example to study flooding, aquatic habitat, or water pollution.