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Legal writers, as opposed to economic historians, incorrectly assume that the constitutional phrase "Bills of Credit" was simply a synonym for paper money, but it refers to only one, though a very important, type of paper currency. [10] The Constitution explicitly prohibits the states from issuing bills of credit and coining money.
Prior to the American Civil War, state banks and chartered private banks issued their own banknotes. Privately issued banknotes were nominally backed by specie ( hard money ) or financial securities held by the banks but oversight of issuing banks often was lax and encouraged wildcat banking , in which fraudulent institutions issued worthless ...
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Notes of the Bank of Singapore, Michigan. Wildcat banking was the issuance of paper currency in the United States by poorly capitalized state-chartered banks.These wildcat banks existed alongside more stable state banks during the Free Banking Era from 1836 to 1865, when the country had no national banking system.
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Demand Notes are considered the first paper money issued by the United States whose main purpose was to circulate. They were made because of a coin shortage as people hoarded their coins during the American Civil War and were issued in denominations of $5, $10 and $20. They were redeemable in coin. They were replaced by United States Notes in 1862.
The federal government first issued paper money in 1861 to fund the Civil War. [10] Before that, all U.S. paper money was bank-issued money. For example, paper notes were issued by the First Bank of the United States, which was a private corporation chartered by the federal government. [11]
Ohio State will take on Western Kentucky in its second home game of the 2023 season. ... is a 27.5-point favorite ahead of its first-ever football game against Western Kentucky along with -10000 ...