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The possibility of using microorganisms in biomining applications was realized after the 1951 paper by Kenneth Temple and Arthur Colmer. [9] In the paper the authors presented evidence that the bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (basonym Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) is an iron oxidizer that thrive in iron, copper and magnesium-rich environments. [9]
Freiburg Miner wearing a Mooskappe, stained glass window, 1330. A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, chalk, clay, or other minerals from the earth through mining. There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock face; cutting, blasting, or otherwise working and removing the ...
The oldest-known mine on archaeological record is the Ngwenya Mine in Eswatini (Swaziland), which radiocarbon dating shows to be about 43,000 years old. At this site Paleolithic humans mined hematite to make the red pigment ochre. [5] [6] Mines of a similar age in Hungary are believed to be sites where Neanderthals may have mined flint for ...
The initial discovery of this family of proteins is attributed to Adler et al. (1967). First identified as E. coli mutants that could not produce a properly localized septum, resulting in the generation of minicells [1] [2] due to mislocalized cell division occurring near the bacterial poles.
'Methods of pH homeostasis and energy generation in acidophiles' (with reference to Baker-Austin & Dopson, 2007 [1] and Apel, Dugan, & Tuttle, 1980): [2] (1) Direction of transmembrane electrochemical gradient (pH) and blocking of H+ by the cell membrane; (2) Reversed membrane potential through potassium transport, a modification towards maintaining a stable Donnan potential; (3) Secondary ...
In molecular biology and pharmacology, a small molecule or micromolecule is a low molecular weight (≤ 1000 daltons [1]) organic compound that may regulate a biological process, with a size on the order of 1 nm [citation needed]. Many drugs are small molecules; the terms are equivalent in the literature.
The coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica may become an important carbon sink as the acidity of the ocean increases. [1]Geomicrobiology is the scientific field at the intersection of geology and microbiology and is a major subfield of geobiology.
[6] [7] Another relatively new prospecting technique is using low frequency electromagnetic (EM) waves for 'sounding' into the Earth's crust. These low frequency waves will respond differently based on the material they pass through, allowing for analysts to create three-dimensional images of potential ore bodies or volcanic intrusions.