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A prominent question in the philosophy of biology is whether biology can be reduced to lower-level sciences such as chemistry and physics. Materialism is the view that every biological system including organisms consists of nothing except the interactions of molecules; it is opposed to vitalism.
Metaphysical naturalism is the philosophical basis of science as described by Kate and Vitaly (2000). "There are certain philosophical assumptions made at the base of the scientific method – namely, 1) that reality is objective and consistent, 2) that humans have the capacity to perceive reality accurately, and that 3) rational explanations exist for elements of the real world.
It answers why-questions by a scheme of four causes, including purpose or teleology, and emphasizes virtue ethics. Aristotle and his school wrote tractates on physics, biology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, and government. Any school of thought that takes ...
Elliott Sober, Philosophy of Biology, 1993/2000; Daniel C. Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life, 1995; Martin Mahner and Mario Bunge, Foundations of Biophilosophy, 1997; Kim Sterelny and Paul E. Griffiths, Sex and Death: An Introduction to Philosophy of Biology, 1999
The philosophy of social science is the study of the logic and method of the social sciences, such as sociology and cultural anthropology. [113] Philosophers of social science are concerned with the differences and similarities between the social and the natural sciences , causal relationships between social phenomena, the possible existence of ...
From July 1969 to December 1970, he was a postdoctoral fellow in population biology with Richard Lewontin at the University of Chicago, and was subsequently hired as an assistant professor of Philosophy in 1971 and promoted to full professor in 1981. [5] In 2007, he was named the Peter H. Ritzma Professor in Philosophy and Evolutionary Biology. [5]
Elections may not be held in Syria for up to four years, the country’s de facto leader has said, in his first comments on an electoral timeline since his rebel group overthrew the Assad regime ...
According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "The Nature of Selection...marks the point at which most philosophers became aware of the philosophy of biology." [ 23 ] In his review of the book, biologist Ernst Mayr wrote "Sober has ... given us what is perhaps the most careful and penetrating analysis of the concept of natural selection ...