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Polyphony (/ p ə ˈ l ɪ f ə n i / pə-LIF-ə-nee) is a type of musical texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with just one voice or a texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords ().
Lauda – Devotional song popular in the medieval Italian church. Motet – Polyphonic choral composition based on a sacred text. Mozarabic chant – Monophonic liturgical music used in the liturgy of the Mozarabic Rite. Organum – Early form of polyphonic music involving the addition of one or more voices to a preexisting chant.
Lithuanian traditional singing style sutartines is based on polytonality. A typical sutartines song is based on a six-bar melody, where the first three bars contain melody based on the notes of the triad of a major key (for example, in G major), and the next three bars is based on another key, always a major second higher or lower (for example, in A major).
It is harder to write several individually beautiful songs that, when sung simultaneously, sound as a more beautiful polyphonic whole. The internal structures that create each of the voices separately must contribute to the emergent structure of the polyphony, which in turn must reinforce and comment on the structures of the individual voices.
four-part harmony; SATB vocal forces; pre-existing hymn tune allotted to the soprano part; text treatment: homophonic; no repetitions (i.e., each syllable of the hymn text is sung one time) Around 400 of such chorale settings by Bach, mostly composed in the first four decades of the 18th century, are extant:
In Western music, homophony may have originated in dance music, in which a simple and direct rhythmic style was needed for the prescribed bodily movements of individual dances. Homophony and polyphony coexisted in the 1600s and 1700s. Polyphony was the common melody during the Renaissance period.
Traditional sub-Saharan African harmony is a music theory of harmony in sub-Saharan African music based on the principles of homophonic parallelism (chords based around a leading melody that follow its rhythm and contour), homophonic polyphony (independent parts moving together), counter-melody (secondary melody) and ostinato-variation (variations based on a repeated theme).
The Polyphonic era is a term used since the mid-19th century to designate an historical period in which harmony in music is subordinate to polyphony. [1] It generally refers to the period from the 13th to the 16th century. [ 2 ]