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The kidney is surrounded by a capsule separating the kidney from the echogenic perirenal fat, which is seen as a thin linear structure. [1] The kidney is divided into parenchyma and renal sinus. The renal sinus is hyperechoic and is composed of calyces, the renal pelvis, fat and the major intrarenal vessels.
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Transverse section of white oak, Quercus alba. A ray appears diagonally, from top left to bottom middle. Medullary rays, also known as vascular rays or pith rays, are cellular structures found in some species of wood. They appear as radial planar structures, perpendicular to the growth rings, which are visible to the naked eye.
The right kidney sits just below the diaphragm and posterior to the liver. The left kidney sits below the diaphragm and posterior to the spleen. On top of each kidney is an adrenal gland. The upper parts of the kidneys are partially protected by the 11th and 12th ribs.
At the same time, at the tips of the collecting ducts, the mesoderm differentiates into epithelial cells that form nephron tubules [175] (processes of epithelialization and tubulogenesis occur). [176] Vascular system of the kidney is also developed with the development of nephrons, with large vessels branching from the dorsal aorta. [176]
Renal corpuscle showing glomerulus and glomerular capillaries Figure 2: (a) Diagram of the juxtaglomerular apparatus: it has specialized cells working as a unit which monitor the sodiujuxtaglomerular apparatus: it has three types of specm content of the fluid in the distal convoluted tubule (not labelled - it is the tubule on the left) and adjust the glomerular filtration rate and the rate of ...
Mesonephros develops after the pronephros, replacing it. The mesonephros is the final kidney in amphibians and most fish. In more advanced vertebrates , mesonephros develops during embryogenesis and is then replaced by the metanephros. [36] In reptiles and marsupials, it remains functional for some time after birth along with the metanephros.
Increases in vasa recta flow wash away metabolites and cause the medulla to lose osmolarity as well. Increases in flow will disrupt the kidney's ability to form concentrated urine. [3] Overall the loop of Henle reabsorbs around 25% of filtered ions and 20% of the filtered water in a normal kidney. These ions are mostly Na +, Cl −, K +, Ca 2 ...