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Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research. Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.
Non-Homologous Isofunctional Enzymes (NISE) are two evolutionarily unrelated enzymes that catalyze the same chemical reaction. Enzymes that catalyze the same reaction are sometimes referred to as analogous as opposed to homologous (Homology (biology)), however it is more appropriate to name them as Non-homologous Isofunctional Enzymes, hence the acronym (NISE). [1]
An example of a substrate analog that is also a suicide substrate/Trojan horse substrate is penicillin, which is an inhibitory substrate analog of peptidoglycan. [ 8 ] Some substrate analogs can still allow the enzyme to synthesize a product despite the enzyme’s inability to metabolize the substrate analog.
These agents can be used against hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex, and HIV.Once they are phosphorylated, they work as antimetabolites by being similar enough to nucleotides to be incorporated into growing DNA strands; but they act as chain terminators and stop viral DNA polymerase.
For example, the wings of insects and birds evolved independently in widely separated groups, and converged functionally to support powered flight, so they are analogous. Similarly, the wings of a sycamore maple seed and the wings of a bird are analogous but not homologous, as they develop from quite different structures.
The collective goal is to contribute excellent biology diagrams to the Commons and to corresponding Wikipedia articles. This is done as part of an Advanced Placement Biology course. The lead editor is Chris Packard. This project is inspired by the 2009 Wikipedia AP Biology Project. There are many basic and important diagrams missing from ...
(When AP asked Carrey about those remarks on Dec. 10, he said with a laugh, "That might have been hyperbole.") Related: Jim Carrey Shares the 'Cruel' Comeback His 14-Year-Old Grandson Says While ...
Convergent evolution is the development of analogous structures that occurs in different species as a result of those two species facing similar environmental pressures and adapting in similar ways. It differs from divergent evolution as the species involved do not descend from a closely related common ancestor and the traits accumulated are ...