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Calcinosis is the formation of calcium deposits in any soft tissue. [1] It is a rare condition that has many different causes. These range from infection and injury to systemic diseases like kidney failure .
The existence of Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis has been disputed and it has been proposed that it is a part of a continuum of atherosclerotic disease: [19] the majority of atherosclerotic plaques contain some calcium deposits [23] [24] and calcification of the internal elastic lamina is common in pathological specimens labelled as Mönckeberg ...
Metastatic calcinosis cutis is the consequence of calcium salts precipitating in normal tissue due to an underlying abnormality in the metabolism of phosphate and/or calcium. [2] Metastatic calcification can result from any systemic condition raising serum calcium and/or phosphate levels. Chronic renal failure is the most frequent underlying ...
Calcific bursitis refers to calcium deposits within the bursae. This most occurs in the shoulder area. The most common bursa for calcific bursitis to occur is the subacromial bursa. A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that reduces friction, and facilitates movements between its adjacent tissues (i.e., between tendon and bone, two muscles or ...
Calcium deposits known as limbus sign may be visible in the eyes. [7] Symptoms are more common at high calcium blood values (12.0 mg/dL or 3 mmol/L). [6] Severe hypercalcaemia (above 15–16 mg/dL or 3.75–4 mmol/L) is considered a medical emergency: at these levels, coma and cardiac arrest can result.
Additionally, debate remains over whether a complete removal of the deposits is necessary, or if equal pain relief can be obtained from a partial removal of calcium deposits. [5] Removing the deposits either with open shoulder surgery or arthroscopic surgery are both difficult operations, but with high success rates (around 90%).
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Disorders of calcium metabolism occur when the body has too little or too much calcium. The serum level of calcium is closely regulated within a fairly limited range in the human body. In a healthy physiology, extracellular calcium levels are maintained within a tight range through the actions of parathyroid hormone , vitamin D and the calcium ...