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Diagramatic representation of mucosal erosion (left), excoriation (center), and ulceration (right) Simplistic representation of the life cycle of mouth ulcers. An ulcer (/ ˈ ʌ l s ər /; from Latin ulcus, "ulcer, sore") [2] is a break in the skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue and the disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue. [3]
Ulcers may act as a site for local infection and a portal of entry for oral flora that, in some instances, may cause septicaemia (especially in immunosuppressed patients). Therefore, oral mucositis can be a dose-limiting condition, disrupting a patient’s optimal cancer treatment plan and consequentially decreasing their chances of survival.
Gastroesophageal (acid) reflux disease can cause stomach acid to back up into the throat and also cause the throat to become sore. [5] In children, streptococcal pharyngitis is the cause of 35–37% of sore throats. [6] [2] The symptoms of a viral infection and a bacterial infection may be very similar.
Anti-ulcer agents are medications or supplements used to cure the damage of mucosal layer on organs to prevent the damage from further extending to deeper regions to cause complications. An anti-ulcer medication for treating mouth ulcer is triamcinolone, a corticosteroid. Other anti-ulcer supplements include vitamin B2 and vitamin B12.
A progressively severe sore throat on one side and pain during swallowing (odynophagia) usually are the earliest symptoms. As the abscess develops, persistent pain in the peritonsillar area, fever , a general sense of feeling unwell , headache, and a distortion of vowels informally known as "hot potato voice" may appear.
A case of strep throat. Streptococcal pharyngitis or strep throat is caused by a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GAS). [20] It is the most common bacterial cause of cases of pharyngitis (15–30%). [19] Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, and large lymph nodes. It is a contagious infection, spread by close contact with an infected ...
Esophagitis can be diagnosed by upper endoscopy, biopsy, upper GI series (or barium swallow), and laboratory tests. [4] An upper endoscopy is a procedure to look at the esophagus by using an endoscope. While looking at the esophagus, the doctor is able to take a small biopsy. The biopsy can be used to confirm inflammation of the esophagus.
If there are lesions on the tongue, speaking and chewing can be uncomfortable, and ulcers on the soft palate, back of the throat, or esophagus can cause painful swallowing. [4] Signs are limited to the lesions themselves. Ulceration episodes usually occur about 3–6 times per year. [5]