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Examples include iron (black stain), iodine (black), copper (green), nickel (green) and cadmium (yellow-brown). [3] Antibiotics. Tetracycline and its derivatives are capable of intrinsic discoloration (discussed below). However other antibiotics may form insoluble complexes with calcium, iron and other elements that cause extrinsic staining. [11]
The perception of tooth colour is multi-factorial. Reflection and absorption of light by the tooth can be influenced by a number of factors including specular transmission of light through the tooth; specular reflection at the surface; diffuse light reflection at the surface; absorption and scattering of light within the dental tissues; enamel mineral content; enamel thickness; dentine colour ...
Iron is a mineral that is crucial for optimal health and well-being. Found naturally in many foods and dietary supplements, it is a key component of hemoglobin, the part of red blood cells ...
Hearing loss may have many different causes, but among those with tinnitus, the major cause is cochlear injury. [36] In many cases no underlying cause is identified. [2] [38] Ototoxic drugs also may cause subjective tinnitus, as they may cause hearing loss, [15] or increase the damage done by exposure to loud noise. [39]
In dental enamel, fluorosis causes subsurface porosity or hypomineralizations, which extend toward the dentinal-enamel junction as the condition progresses and the affected teeth become more susceptible to staining. Due to diffusion of exogenous ions (e.g., iron and copper), stains develop into the increasingly and abnormally porous enamel. [7]
Iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia can also cause no symptoms or vague symptoms, such as fatigue, headache and trouble concentrating, “which may be commonly brushed off,” Cohen says.
This indicates that iron alone is enough to cause damage to the lungs. [4] Symptoms usually appear after a number of years, [5] but may rarely appear within a year. [6] Eye exposure to iron dust can also cause another form of siderosis, "ocular siderosis" or "siderosis bulbi", which can cause eye discoloration, but also eye damage, like ...
Visual snow likely represents a clinical continuum, with different degrees of severity. The presence of comorbidities such as migraine and tinnitus is associated with a more severe presentation of visual symptoms. [13] Non-visual symptoms may include difficulty concentrating, insomnia, frequent migraines, nausea, and vertigo. [16]