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Early childhood intervention came about as a natural progression from special education for children with disabilities (Guralnick, 1997). Many early childhood intervention support services began as research units in universities (for example, Syracuse University in the United States and Macquarie University in Australia) while others were developed out of organizations helping older children.
American psychoanalyst Erik Erikson first used the phrase "early childhood education" in the 1950s. In Erikson's understanding, early childhood education focuses on what teachers and guardians think is best for children, and not what state or federal governments legislate for children.
It has been found that in their earliest school years, poor children lag behind others, suggesting they were ill-prepared for schooling. [1] The Abecedarian project was inspired by the fact that few other early childhood programs could provide a sufficiently well-controlled environment to determine the effectiveness of early childhood training.
In the early years, some 700,000 children enrolled at a per-capita cost of $2,000 to $3,000 (2011 dollars). Under the full-time program, enrollment dropped to under 400,000 by the early 1970s. Enrollment reached close to 1 million children by 2011.
In 1965, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (PL 89–10) and the State Schools Act (PL 89-313) granted funds to states to help educate children with disabilities. In 1968, the Handicapped Children's Early Education Assistance Act of 1968 (PL 90-538) funded early childhood intervention for children with disabilities.
When children are diagnosed early, they can start receiving services at earlier stages of development. State health and/or education departments offer early intervention services for children under the age of three years, while the public school system offers services for children from ages three through twenty-one. [12]
Goals 2000: Educate America Act: Created a national education reform framework. Also included the National Skill Standards Act of 1994 and the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994. Pub. L. 103–227: 1994 (No short title) Recognized applications by the Window Rock Unified School District for federal funding.
Follow Through was the largest and most expensive experimental project in education funded by the U.S. federal government that has ever been conducted. The most extensive evaluation of Follow Through data covers the years 1968–1977; however, the program continued to receive funding from the government until 1995.