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Similar to C#, a Java extension method is declared static in an @Extension class where the first argument has the same type as the extended class and is annotated with @This. Alternatively, the Fluent plugin allows calling any static method as an extension method without using annotations, as long as the method signature matches.
Non-virtual or static methods cannot be overridden. The overridden base method must be virtual, abstract, or override. In addition to the modifiers that are used for method overriding, C# allows the hiding of an inherited property or method. This is done using the same signature of a property or method but adding the modifier new in front of it ...
C#: Since version 8.0, C# has support for default interface methods, [7] which have some properties of traits. [8] C++: Used in Standard Template Library and the C++ standard library to support generic container classes [9] [10] and in the Boost TypeTraits library. [11]
Any call to a class (static or constructor call), triggers the static constructor execution. Static constructors are thread safe and implement a singleton pattern. When used in a generic programming class, static constructors are called at every new generic instantiation one per type. [8]: 38 [4]: 111 Static variables are instantiated as well.
class name definition «inheriting from parentclass». «interfaces: interfaces.» method_and_field_declarations endclass. class name implementation. method_implementations endclass. interface name . members endinterface.
An interface places no requirements for clients to invoke the operations of one interface in any particular order. This approach has the benefit that client code can assume that the operations of an interface are available for use whenever the client has access to the object. [9] [citation needed] Class interface example
The decoration features (e.g., methods, properties, or other members) are usually defined by an interface, mixin (a.k.a. trait) or class inheritance which is shared by the decorators and the decorated object. In the previous example, the class Component is inherited by both the ConcreteComponent and the subclasses that descend from Decorator.
Interfaces are data structures that contain member definitions and not actual implementation. They are useful when one wants to define a contract between members in different types that have different implementations. One can declare definitions for methods, properties, and indexers. Interface members are implicitly public.