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Treaty of Waitangi where the British Crown established a right to govern from indigenous Māori tribes [50] 17 January 1853: Self-Government: 1 June 1962: Samoa becomes fully independent from New Zealand. It is also the first small-island country in the Pacific to become independent. 18 April 1856: Responsible Government: 26 September 1907
Although visited earlier by Maldivians, Malays and Arabs, the first known settlement was a spice plantation established by the French, first on Ste. Anne Island, then moved to Mahé. It is the sovereign state with the shortest history of human settlement (followed by Mauritius). [122] East Pacific: Floreana Island: 1805: Black Beach
Restoration of Independence, first established in 1811. November 15, 1838 Central America Costa Rica: June 19, 1839 Belgium Luxembourg: Grand Duchy re-established by the Treaty of London in personal union with the Netherlands (until 1890). August 25, 1839 Peru-Bolivia Confederation Bolivia: Restoration of Independence, first proclaimed in 1825.
A historical sovereign state is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. This page lists sovereign states, countries, nations, or empires that ceased to exist as political entities sometime after 1453, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.
A democracy is a political system, or a system of decision-making within an institution, organization, or state, in which members have a share of power. [2] Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities of their citizens that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government: to intervene in society and have their sovereign (e.g., their representatives) held ...
The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood, which was codified by the Montevideo Convention of 1933. The Convention defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) a capacity to enter into relations with the ...
First European settlement in the Americas. Founding is given as 874 CE by Ingólfr Arnarson in the Landnámabók. [2] Reykjavík is located west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge on the American plate. [3] 985? Eastern Settlement: Greenland: Denmark: Norse explorer Erik the Red established this settlement, followed by the Western Settlement c. 985 ...
Over 100 years elapsed before Europeans returned to New Zealand; in 1769, British naval captain James Cook of HM Bark Endeavour visited New Zealand, and coincidentally, only two months later, Frenchman Jean-François de Surville, in command of his own expedition, reached the country. When Cook left on his first voyage, the sealed orders given ...