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Opiate addiction became known as "soldier's disease" and "army disease", though the precise effect of the American Civil War on the overall prevalence of opiate addiction is unknown. [47] As a result of World War I, hundreds of thousands of soldiers developed severe opiate addictions, as morphine was commonly used to treat injuries. [20]
Austro-Hungarian soldiers executing men and women in Serbia, 1916 [14]. After being occupied completely in early 1916, both Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria announced that Serbia had ceased to exist as a political entity, and that its inhabitants could therefore not invoke the international rules of war dictating the treatment of civilians as defined by the Geneva Conventions and the Hague ...
Trench rats are often portrayed in modern films about World War I, with specific films such as Deathwatch (2002), Passchendaele (2008) and 1917 (2019) showing scenes where the rats chewed off an injured soldier's legs, came out of a corpse and ate from the rations hung up by soldiers—portraying the rats in a horrifying light.
The Attack of the Dead Men, or the Battle of Osowiec Fortress, was a battle of World War I that took place at Osowiec Fortress (now northeastern Poland), on August 6, 1915. The incident received its grim name from the bloodied, corpse-like appearance of the Russian combatants after they were bombarded with a mixture of poison gases , chlorine ...
The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I (1998), a standard military history. online free to borrow; Committee on Public Information. How the war came to America (1917) online 840pp detailing every sector of society; Cooper, John Milton. Woodrow Wilson: A Biography (2009) Cooper, John Milton. "The World War and ...
During World War II, the diagnosis for shell shock was replaced with combat stress reaction. [6] [2] [3] These diagnoses resulted from soldiers being in combat for long periods of time. [2] There was some skepticism surrounding this diagnosis as some military leadership, including George S. Patton did not believe "battle fatigue" to be real. [2]
Further, Garth writes, Lewis did not mention elements of The Lord of the Rings that might appear unrealistic, but which nevertheless echo the First World War: the Eye of Sauron's "sweeping surveillance"; the shifting of reality to dream on "long marches, or into nightmare in the midst of battle"; [26] the "lumbering elephantine behemoths" and ...
The Diplomacy of the War of 1914 (1915) 728 pages online free; Strachan, Hew Francis Anthony (2004). The First World War. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-03295-2. Stuart, Graham H. French foreign policy from Fashoda to Serajevo (1898–1914) (1921) 365 pp online; Taylor, A.J.P. The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848–1918 (1954) online free; Tucker ...