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  2. Cardiac physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

    Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.

  3. Natriuretic peptide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriuretic_peptide

    This suggests that ANP is essential in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. [1] Interestingly, when NPR-A was knocked out specifically in the endothelial cells lining blood vessels, mice showed increased plasma volume, suggesting that ANP may regulate fluid balance by increasing the permeability of blood vessels in these cells. These ...

  4. Atrial natriuretic peptide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_natriuretic_peptide

    NPPA variants affect plasma ANP concentrations, blood pressure levels, and cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation (AF). [11] ANP-deficient mice were found to have a large increase in heart and left ventricular weight in response to volume overload, which is normally prevented by proper regulation of blood pressure. [12]

  5. Cardiovascular centre - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_centre

    the vagus nerve, part of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, to lower heart rate. The cardiovascular centre also increases the stroke volume of the heart (that is, the amount of blood it pumps). These two changes help to regulate the cardiac output, so that a sufficient amount of blood reaches tissues.

  6. Hemodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemodynamics

    In a normal circulatory system, the volume of blood returning to the heart each minute is approximately equal to the volume that is pumped out each minute (the cardiac output). [12] Because of this, the velocity of blood flow across each level of the circulatory system is primarily determined by the total cross-sectional area of that level.

  7. Baroreceptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroreceptor

    The blood volume determines the mean pressure throughout the system, in particular in the venous side where most of the blood is held. The low-pressure baroreceptors have both circulatory and renal effects; they produce changes in hormone secretion, resulting in profound effects on the retention of salt and water; they also influence intake of ...

  8. Low pressure receptors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_pressure_receptors

    Low pressure baroreceptors or low pressure receptors are baroreceptors that relay information derived from blood pressure within the autonomic nervous system. They are stimulated by stretching of the vessel wall. They are located in large systemic veins and in the walls of the atria of the heart, and pulmonary

  9. Local blood flow regulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_blood_flow_regulation

    Coronary (heart) circulation is controlled at the local level primarily by metabolic control mechanism. More specifically it is regulated by adenosine, a local vasodilator produced by neighboring cells. [3] [4] Therefore, the heart is influenced by a form of metabolic control through the effects of paracrine signaling.

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