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In gate-based quantum computing, various sets of quantum logic gates are commonly used to express quantum operations. The following tables list several unitary quantum logic gates, together with their common name, how they are represented, and some of their properties.
Common quantum logic gates by name (including abbreviation), circuit form(s) and the corresponding unitary matrices. In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits.
The quantum logic gates are reversible unitary transformations on at least one qubit. Multiple qubits taken together are referred to as quantum registers. To define quantum gates, we first need to specify the quantum replacement of an n-bit datum. The quantized version of classical n-bit space {0,1} n is the Hilbert space
Quantum chemistry, also called molecular quantum mechanics, is a branch of physical chemistry focused on the application of quantum mechanics to chemical systems, particularly towards the quantum-mechanical calculation of electronic contributions to physical and chemical properties of molecules, materials, and solutions at the atomic level. [1]
Quantum programs in Cirq are represented by "Circuit" which is made up of a series of "Moments" representing slices of quantum gates that should be applied at the same time. [4] The programs can be executed on local simulators [ 5 ] or against hardware supplied by IonQ , Pasqal , [ 6 ] Rigetti , and Alpine Quantum Technologies [ 7 ]
The Toffoli gate can be realized by five two-qubit quantum gates, [5] but it can be shown that it is not possible using fewer than five. [6] Another universal gate, the Deutsch gate, can be realized by five optical pulses with neutral atoms. [7] The Deutsch gate is a universal gate for quantum computing. [8]
The classical analog of the CNOT gate is a reversible XOR gate. How the CNOT gate can be used (with Hadamard gates) in a computation.. In computer science, the controlled NOT gate (also C-NOT or CNOT), controlled-X gate, controlled-bit-flip gate, Feynman gate or controlled Pauli-X is a quantum logic gate that is an essential component in the construction of a gate-based quantum computer.
Quantum computational chemistry is an emerging field that exploits quantum computing to simulate chemical systems. Despite quantum mechanics' foundational role in understanding chemical behaviors, traditional computational approaches face significant challenges, largely due to the complexity and computational intensity of quantum mechanical equations.