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  2. Torsion constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_constant

    In 1820, the French engineer A. Duleau derived analytically that the torsion constant of a beam is identical to the second moment of area normal to the section J zz, which has an exact analytic equation, by assuming that a plane section before twisting remains planar after twisting, and a diameter remains a straight line.

  3. Glomerular filtration rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerular_filtration_rate

    This formula expects weight to be measured in kilograms and creatinine to be measured in mg/dL, as is standard in the US. The resulting value is multiplied by a constant of 0.85 if the patient is female. This formula is useful because the calculations are simple and can often be performed without the aid of a calculator.

  4. j-invariant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-invariant

    This means j provides a bijection from the set of elliptic curves over C to the complex plane. [2] As a Riemann surface, the fundamental region has genus 0, and every modular function is a rational function in j; and, conversely, every rational function in j is a modular function. In other words, the field of modular functions is C(j).

  5. Chudnovsky algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chudnovsky_algorithm

    It was used in the world record calculations of 2.7 trillion digits of π in December 2009, [3] 10 trillion digits in October 2011, [4] [5] 22.4 trillion digits in November 2016, [6] 31.4 trillion digits in September 2018–January 2019, [7] 50 trillion digits on January 29, 2020, [8] 62.8 trillion digits on August 14, 2021, [9] 100 trillion ...

  6. Genome architecture mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_architecture_mapping

    Given a specified genomic window in a genome that contains 163 Nuclear Profiles, the formula to the left would be broken down as follows. A = the number of nuclear profiles present in the genomic window. N = 163, the total number of nuclear profiles. To calculate the detection frequency, simply divide the two. Co-segregation

  7. Torsion (mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)

    Torsion of a square section bar Example of torsion mechanics. In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque [1] [2].Torsion could be defined as strain [3] [4] or angular deformation [5], and is measured by the angle a chosen section is rotated from its equilibrium position [6].

  8. Leverett J-function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverett_J-function

    In petroleum engineering, the Leverett J-function is a dimensionless function of water saturation describing the capillary pressure, [1] = / ⁡where is the water saturation measured as a fraction, is the capillary pressure (in pascal), is the permeability (measured in m²), is the porosity (0-1), is the surface tension (in N/m) and is the contact angle.

  9. J-integral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-integral

    The J-integral represents a way to calculate the strain energy release rate, or work per unit fracture surface area, in a material. [1] The theoretical concept of J-integral was developed in 1967 by G. P. Cherepanov [2] and independently in 1968 by James R. Rice, [3] who showed that an energetic contour path integral (called J) was independent of the path around a crack.