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When consumed, a merit good creates positive externalities (an externality being a third party/spill-over effect of the consumption or production of the good/service). This means that there is a divergence between private benefit and public benefit when a merit good is consumed (i.e. the public benefit is greater than the private benefit).
A private good is defined in economics as "an item that yields positive benefits to people" [1] that is excludable, i.e. its owners can exercise private property rights, preventing those who have not paid for it from using the good or consuming its benefits; [2] and rivalrous, i.e. consumption by one necessarily prevents that of another.
Nevertheless, governments also provide merit goods because of reasons of equity and fairness and because they have positive externalities for society as a whole. [15] In order to provide public and merit goods, the government has to buy input factors from private companies, e.g. police cars, school buildings, uniforms etc.
Private goods are excludable goods, which prevent other consumers from consuming them. Private goods are also rivalrous because one good in private ownership cannot be used by someone else. That is to say, consuming some goods will deprive another consumer of the ability to consume the goods. Private goods are the most common type of goods.
Mixed good: final goods that are intrinsically private but that are produced by the individual consumer by means of private and public good inputs. The benefits enjoyed from such a good for any one individual may depend on the consumption of others, as in the cases of a crowded road or a congested national park.
Good debt is preferable because it builds value, but there are cases where bad debt is the best choice. For instance, using a loan to buy a reliable car to get you to and from work is a good use ...
Brito and Oakland (1980) study the private, profit-maximizing provision of excludable public goods in a formal economic model. [5] They take into account that the agents have private information about their valuations of the public good. Yet, Brito and Oakland only consider posted-price mechanisms, i.e. there are ad-hoc constraints on the class ...
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