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This phenomenon of alternating diploid and haploid multicellular phases is common to the embryophytes (land plants) and is referred to as the alternation of generations. A major difference between vascular and non-vascular plants is that in the latter the haploid gametophyte is the more visible and longer-lived stage.
The vegetative (somatic) structures of vascular plants include two major organ systems: (1) a shoot system, composed of stems and leaves, and (2) a root system. These two systems are common to nearly all vascular plants, and provide a unifying theme for the study of plant morphology.
The Archaeplastida (or kingdom Plantae sensu lato "in a broad sense"; pronounced / ɑːr k ɪ ˈ p l æ s t ɪ d ə /) are a major group of eukaryotes, comprising the photoautotrophic red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae, land plants, and the minor group glaucophytes. [6]
Streptophyta (/ s t r ɛ p ˈ t ɒ f ɪ t ə, ˈ s t r ɛ p t oʊ f aɪ t ə /), informally the streptophytes (/ ˈ s t r ɛ p t ə f aɪ t s /, from the Greek strepto 'twisted', for the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a clade of plants.
Botany is a natural science concerned with the study of plants.The main branches of botany (also referred to as "plant science") are commonly divided into three groups: core topics, concerned with the study of the fundamental natural phenomena and processes of plant life, the classification and description of plant diversity; applied topics which study the ways in which plants may be used for ...
An example of moss (Bryophyta) on the forest floor in Broken Bow, Oklahoma. Bryophytes (/ ˈ b r aɪ. ə ˌ f aɪ t s /) [2] are a group of land plants (embryophytes), sometimes treated as a taxonomic division, that contains three groups of non-vascular land plants: the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses (Bryophyta sensu lato). [3]
The green algae and land plants have lost that pigment. [11] Like red algae, and in contrast to green algae and plants, glaucophytes store fixed carbon in the cytosol. [12] The most early-diverging genus is Cyanophora, which only has one or two plastids. When there are two, they are semi-connected. [13]
In 1978, a group of botanists including Harold Charles Bold, Arthur Cronquist and Lynn Margulis proposed replacing the term "division" with "phylum" in botanical nomenclature, arguing that maintaining different terms for the same taxonomic rank across biological kingdoms created unnecessary confusion.