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Generally, the cause of concentration polarization is the ability of a membrane to transport some species more readily than the other(s) (which is the membrane permselectivity): the retained species are concentrated at the upstream membrane surface while the concentration of transported species decreases. Thus, concentration polarization ...
Concentration polarization, the shift of the electrochemical potential difference across an electrochemical cell from its equilibrium value Spin polarization , the degree by which the spin of elementary particles is aligned to a given direction
The concentration polarization is the result of practical limitations on mass transport within the cell and represents the voltage loss due to spatial variations in reactant concentration at the chemically active sites.
In electrochemistry, polarization is a collective term for certain mechanical side-effects (of an electrochemical process) by which isolating barriers develop at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. These side-effects influence the reaction mechanisms, as well as the chemical kinetics of corrosion and metal deposition.
For a given substance, the angle by which the polarization of light of a specified wavelength is rotated is proportional to the path length through the material and (for a solution) proportional to its concentration. Optical activity is measured using a polarized source and polarimeter.
The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics defines specific rotation as: For an optically active substance, defined by [α] θ λ = α/γl, where α is the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated by a solution of mass concentration γ and path length l.
In contradistinction with electrophoresis, motion of particle in homogeneous electric field only, electrodiffusiophoresis occurs in the areas of the dispersion that experience concentration polarization due to, for instance, electrochemical reactions, see electrochemistry.
Electric polarization of a given dielectric material sample is defined as the quotient of electric dipole moment (a vector quantity, expressed as coulombs*meters (C*m) in SI units) to volume (meters cubed). [1] [2] Polarization density is denoted mathematically by P; [2] in SI units, it is expressed in coulombs per square meter (C/m 2).